PHP Errors, Warnings and Deprecated messages after upgrading

As you upgrade PHP from an older version, these are debug log messages you will commonly see. An explanation of why this can happen is provided in understanding errors after upgrading PHP versions. This article explains how to fix some of the most common problems you will see.

There are several levels of PHP problems, with the least serious being notices and warnings.

More serious are PHP errors, which can cause a blank screen or partially blank screen. If you are experiencing errors, you should also read the blank pages troubleshooting guide.

Please take these as examples, not exact matches for every log you might come across.

Logs related to PHP8

PHP8 is a major change. Zen Cart 1.5.8 is designed to work with PHP 8, but older versions and older plugins will give you problems. Here are some notes on updating plugins to work with PHP8.

If you are using PHP 8.0 with v1.5.7, be sure to suppress logging duplicate-language definitions.

Logs related to PHP 8.2

PHP 8.2 is the deprecation release. We have tried to shake out as many of the issues in the core as we could prior to release, but there may be some lingering, and there will absolutely be issues with plugins. See upgrading plugins to work with 1.5.8/PHP 8.0+ for ideas on how to fix the issues you encounter. You may also wish to track development of Zen Cart on Github to see what we’re preparing for the next release.

Undefined constant

--> PHP Warning: Use of undefined constant MODULE_SHIPPING_BOXES_MANAGER_STATUS - assumed 'MODULE_SHIPPING_BOXES_MANAGER_STATUS' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /public_html/zen-cart-v1.5.7/includes/modules/shipping/fedexwebservices.php on line 85.

When you get a message like this, it means you are referencing a constant that hasn’t been defined. You can work around this by defining the constant or just by putting a check in where the constant is referenced. The latter would be done as follows:

Change

    if (MODULE_SHIPPING_BOXES_MANAGER_STATUS == 'true') {

to

    if (defined('MODULE_SHIPPING_BOXES_MANAGER_STATUS') && MODULE_SHIPPING_BOXES_MANAGER_STATUS == 'true') {

Another variant of the undefined constant problem can occur in language files.

--> PHP Warning: Use of undefined constant BUTTON_IMAGE_ADD_TO_CART - assumed 'BUTTON_IMAGE_ADD_TO_CART' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /public_html/zen-cart-v1.5.7/includes/modules/YOURTEMPLATE/specials_index.php on line 86.

In this case, your template is using a defined constant which does not exist in your language file set. If the define is used in multiple places, you can add it to includes/languages/YOURTEMPLATE/english.php or another globally loaded file; otherwise, add it to the language file for the page in question.

In this case, we’ll add this statement to the file includes/languages/english/YOURTEMPLATE/button_names.php, which is loaded for all pages.

define('BUTTON_IMAGE_ADD_TO_CART', 'button_add_to_cart.gif');

Methods with the same name as their class …

--> PHP Deprecated: Methods with the same name as their class will not be constructors in a future version of PHP; fedexwebservices has a deprecated constructor in /public_html/zen-cart-v1.5.7/includes/modules/shipping/fedexwebservices.php on line 2.

To fix this, change the class constructor from being the same as the name of the class like this:

class fedexwebservices 
{
    function fedexwebservices() 
    ...
}

to this:

class fedexwebservices 
{
    function __construct() 
    ...
}

Cannot use string offset as an array

In older versions of PHP, it was acceptable to initialize a variable as an empty string even though it was later being accessed as an array. So in some older code you might have something like this:

$list_box_contents = ''; 

where newer versions require the correct initialization as:

$list_box_contents = array();

(or you may see the more modern “short array syntax” like this):

$list_box_contents = [];

each() deprecated

PHP Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /includes/functions/extra_functions/sfl_functions.php on line 160.

The direction for PHP 7.2+ is to refactor each to foreach as follows:

1. foreach() doesn’t need a reset() to be called before it runs, so those can be removed.

2. There are 3 syntax formats, depending on how the parameters are presented in the list() call:

   a) while(list($key, $value) = each($foo)) This becomes foreach($foo as $key => $value)

   b) while(list(, $value) = each($foo)) This becomes foreach($foo as $value)

   c) while(list($key, ) = each($foo)) This becomes foreach($foo as $key => $value)

ereg_replace deprecated

Some older functions were removed from PHP. The ereg series can usually be replaced with a preg equivalent, but note that the “pattern” parameter needs to have a delimiter added. In many cases a / or ~ is used for the delimiter … this must be adapted to your situation.

ereg('searchtext', 'a_string', $optionalVar) becomes preg_match('/searchtext/', 'a_string', $optionalVar)

eregi('searchtext', 'a_string', $optionalVar) becomes preg_match('/searchtext/i', 'a_string', $optionalVar)

ereg_replace('searchtext',.....) becomes preg_replace('/searchtext/',....)

… or if the 'searchtext' parameter is just a single character then just change ereg_replace with str_replace

eregi_replace('searchtext',.....) becomes preg_replace('/searchtext/i',....)

split('x', $var) has a couple options:

• if ‘x’ is a single character, then split( becomes explode(
• if ‘x’ is multiple characters, then split('chars', $var) becomes preg_split('/chars/', $var)

syntax error, unexpected ‘[’

This may be a result of new indirection syntax (or “variable variables” syntax), where double-dollar-signs are used.

This situation is sometimes found in old not-yet upgraded payment modules where additional braces {, } must be added. For example:

Replace this:

global $$order_totals[$i]['code'];

with

global ${$order_totals[$i]['code']};

And

if ($$order_totals[$i]['code']->credit_class == true) $credits_applied += $order_totals[$i]['value'];

with

if (${$order_totals[$i]['code']}->credit_class == true) $credits_applied += $order_totals[$i]['value'];

On a technical note, what’s required is the addition of braces for adding the necessary specificity. More generic examples include the following:

Use of $$foo['bar']['baz'] needs to be rewritten with braces around the whole of it, like ${$foo['bar']['baz']} else it will be treated incorrectly as ($$foo)['bar']['baz'].

Also when referring to an object, $foo->$bar['baz'] has to be rewritten as $foo->{$bar['baz']} if that’s what was intended in the older code.

Unknown function mysql(

Since PHP 5.5 the mysql_xxxxx() functions were removed in favor of the mysqli_xxxxx() function series.

You cannot just rename the functions.

While on the surface it may seem simple to rewrite the functions to the new syntax, a MUCH BETTER approach is to rewrite your code to use Zen Cart’s own DB querying logic, which is both more secure and more consistent across the application.

Undefined constant warnings in module files

Files under /includes/modules/payment, /includes/modules/shipping and /includes/modules/order_total were updated in Zen Cart 1.5.6 so that module defines were not referenced until it was determined that the module had been installed.

Using the example of shipping/flat.php, prior to 1.5.6, the constructor would do

      $this->sort_order = MODULE_SHIPPING_FLAT_SORT_ORDER;

This will generate a warning in newer versions of PHP if flat is not installed, since the variable MODULE_SHIPPING_FLAT_SORT_ORDER will not be in the database.

Newer versions of Zen Cart check the sort order as an indication that a module has been installed, and return early if it is not defined.

      $this->sort_order = defined('MODULE_SHIPPING_FLAT_SORT_ORDER') ? MODULE_SHIPPING_FLAT_SORT_ORDER : null;
      if (null === $this->sort_order) return false;

If you have custom modules, you should make the analagous change to those files to avoid creating PHP warnings.

Sizeof and related issues

Older PHP code might check to see if a string is null using something like:

    if (sizeof($categories->fields['categories_image']) == 0) 

The newer way to test this is to use the empty PHP function:

    if (empty($categories->fields['categories_image'])) 

Similarly, checks for a non-empty array may need changes:

    if (sizeof($array) > 0) {

Could give a PHP warning like:

Warning: sizeof(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable

To avoid this, check the value using empty

    if (!empty($array)) {

When specific array entries don’t exist in some cases, for example if

    $this->ccv_response= $response[38];

produces the error message

--> PHP Warning: Undefined array key 38 

You can use an empty check to handle this, as shown above, or you can use the null coalescing operator:

    $this->ccv_response= ($response[38] ?? '');

Undefined array key

Checking to see if an optional array element is set has changed - you can no longer do

if ($response['var1'] != '') {

unless you are certain the array element var1 exists.

If you do this, and the element does not exist, you will get a PHP Warning

--> PHP Warning: Undefined array key var1 

To fix, change to

if (!empty($response['var1'])) {

If the array element is referenced in the middle of a statement, use the null coalescing operator to prevent invalid references.

So for example, if $response['var1'] might not be set, change

echo 'Message is ' . $response['txt'] . ' ' . $response['var1']; 

to

echo 'Message is ' . $response['txt'] . ' ' . ($response['var1'] ?? ''); 

Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is no longer supported

In older versions of PHP, you could refer to an array entry using curly braces instead of square brackets.

PHP 7.4 deprecated this syntax, and in higher versions of PHP it becomes a fatal error. Fortunately, This is one of the easiest syntax errors to fix. Simply change the curly braces to square brackets. So for example, change

        $c = $s{$i};

to

        $c = $s[$i];

Coding Help:

• PHP Errors, Warnings and Deprecated messages after upgrading
• PHP Idioms
• Release Specific Upgrade Considerations
• Upgrading plugins to work with 1.5.8/PHP 8.0+

… and when all else fails:

• PHP migration guides in the php.net documentation